What are Pseudo-classes?
A pseudo-class is used to define a special state of an element.
For example, it can be used to:
- Style an element when a user mouses over it
- Style visited and unvisited links differently
- Style an element when it gets focus
selector:pseudo-class {
property:value;}
property:value;}
Anchor Pseudo-classes
Links can be displayed in different ways:
/* unvisited link */
a:link {
color: #FF0000;}
/* visited link */
a:visited {
color: #00FF00;}
/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
color: #FF00FF;}
/* selected link */
a:active {
color: #0000FF;}
a:link {
color: #FF0000;}
/* visited link */
a:visited {
color: #00FF00;}
/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
color: #FF00FF;}
/* selected link */
a:active {
color: #0000FF;}
Note:
a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS definition in order to be effective! a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in order to be effective! Pseudo-class names are not case-sensitive.Pseudo-classes and CSS Classes
Pseudo-classes can be combined with CSS classes:
When you hover over the link in the example, it will change color:
a.highlight:hover {
color: #ff0000;}
color: #ff0000;}
Hover on <div>
An example of using the
:hover pseudo-class on a <div> element:
div:hover {
background-color: blue;}
background-color: blue;}
Simple Tooltip Hover
Hover over a <div> element to show a <p> element (like a tooltip):
Hover over me to show the <p> element.
p {
display: none;
background-color: yellow;
padding: 20px;}
div:hover p {
display: block;}
display: none;
background-color: yellow;
padding: 20px;}
div:hover p {
display: block;}
CSS - The :first-child Pseudo-class
The
:first-child pseudo-class matches a specified element that is the first child of another element.Match the first <p> element
In the following example, the selector matches any <p> element that is the first child of any element:
p:first-child {
color: blue;}
color: blue;}
Match the first <i> element in all <p> elements
In the following example, the selector matches the first <i> element in all <p> elements:
p i:first-child {
color: blue;}
color: blue;}
Match all <i> elements in all first child <p> elements
In the following example, the selector matches all <i> elements in <p> elements that are the first child of another element:
p:first-child i {
color: blue;}
color: blue;}
CSS - The :lang Pseudo-class
The
:lang pseudo-class allows you to define special rules for different languages.
In the example below,
:lang defines the quotation marks for <q> elements with lang="no":
<html>
<head>
<style>
q:lang(no) {
quotes: "~" "~";}</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q> Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
<head>
<style>
q:lang(no) {
quotes: "~" "~";}</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Some text <q lang="no">A quote in a paragraph</q> Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
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