HTML Uniform Resource Locators

A URL is another word for a web address.

A URL can be composed of words (w3schools.com), or an Internet Protocol (IP) address (192.68.20.50).

Most people enter the name when surfing, because names are easier to remember than numbers.
URL - Uniform Resource Locator


Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.


A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the web.


A web address follows these syntax rules:






scheme://prefix.domain:port/path/filename






Explanation:
scheme - defines the type of Internet service (most common is http or https)
prefix - defines a domain prefix (default for http is www)
domain - defines the Internet domain name (like https://programinplace.blogspot.com/)
port - defines the port number at the host (default for http is 80)
path - defines a path at the server (If omitted: the root directory of the site)
filename - defines the name of a document or resource
Common URL Schemes


The table below lists some common schemes:






Scheme Short for used for


http HyperText Transfer Protocol Common web pages. Not encrypted


https Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure web pages. Enctrypted


ftp File Transfer Protocol Downloading or uploading files


file A file on your computer




URL Encoding


URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. If a URL contains characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted.


URL encoding converts non-ASCII characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.


URL encoding replaces non-ASCII characters with a "%" followed by hexadecimal digits.


URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a plus (+) sign, or %20.





Try It Yourself





If you click "Submit", the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server.


A page at the server will display the received input.


Try some other input and click Submit again.
ASCII Encoding Examples


Your browser will encode input, according to the character-set used in your page.


The default character-set in HTML5 is UTF-8.












CharacterFrom Windows-1252From UTF-8

€ %80 %E2%82%AC

£ %A3 %C2%A3

© %A9 %C2%A9

® %AE %C2%AE

À %C0 %C3%80

Á %C1 %C3%81

 %C2 %C3%82

à %C3 %C3%83

Ä %C4 %C3%84

Å %C5 %C3%85